If a parent gives up custody to grandparents, who has legal custody?
If a parent gives up custody to a grandparent, who has legal custody? This is an interesting question, because it's not entirely clear what "legal custody" means.
Legal Custody
Legal custody is reserved for when a child's parents divorce and the court determines that one parent must be primarily responsible for making decisions related to the child's health, safety, and well-being. In cases where parents are separated but not divorced, parents have joint legal custody.
The issue here is that you're asking if grandparents can have legal custody of their grandchildren if the parents are still living. When a parent has given up custody to the grandparents, technically the parent still has custodial rights over their children.
Judicial Decision Making
It would be possible for a judge to grant legal custody to the grandparents (for instance, if there was a case of abuse or neglect by the parents). But in most cases judges will rule that children should live with their parents unless there's evidence that they cannot provide for them or keep them safe and healthy. Perhaps judges are hesitant to rule in favor of giving grandparents full legal custody because of how it could affect the relationship between the grandparent and parent (in which case the grandparent would still have some visitation rights) as well as how it might affect the child.
Who Has Legal Custody?
The answer depends on whether the grandparent is a biological grandparent or an adoptive grandparent.
If a biological grandparent assumes physical custody of their grandchildren and they list the children's names in their will as heirs, then when the grandparent dies, the children are assured of being able to inherit from that grandparent. However, if the grandparent does not list the children in his or her will, then the court will have to determine who will have legal guardianship for the children.
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